스프링 3.0 @ 어노테이션 기반 설정

2012. 5. 14. 19:09

04장. 어노테이션 기반 설정

어노테이션 쉽게 명시하기

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd

chap03.zip

chap04.zip

==================================이론======================================

1.1 @Required 어노테이션을 이용한 필수 프로퍼티 검사

@Required : 필수 프로퍼티를 명시하여 값을 넘겨오는것을 강요 안넘겨오면 에러
number 프로퍼티를 설정하지 않을 경우 예외 발생

Camera

   import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Required;

//@Required : 필수요소를 체크해줌 : 스프링에서만 사용할수있다.
    @Required
    public void setNumber(int number){
        this.number = number;
    }

applicationContext.xml

<bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor"/>
   

    <bean id="camera1" class="madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol.Camera">
        
        <property name="number" value="1" />
    </bean>

1.2 @Autowired 어노테이션을 이용한 자동 설정

@Autowired : 타입을 이용하여 의존하는 객체를 삽입해준다. 생성자, 필드,메서드 세곳에 적용이 가능하다.
프로퍼티 설정 메서드에 @Autowired 적용하면 어노테이션 타입을 이용한 프로퍼티 자동 설정 기능을 제공한다.

@Required 와 마찬가지로 @Autowired도 기본적으로 값을 강요하는데 필수여부를 조정해줄수있다.
@Autowired(required=false) 기본값은 true이다

<bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor"/>
    <bean id="monitor" class="madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol.SystemMonitor"/>
    <bean id="sender" class="madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol.SmsSender"/>

@Autowired 어노테이션은 타입을 기반으로하기 때문에 자동 설정할 타입이 두개 이상 존재할 경우 예외를 발생 시킨다.
그래서 @Qualifier 어노테이션을 이용한 자동 설정 제한 을 이용한다.

@Qualifier로 레코드를 지정

<bean id="systemMonitor" class="madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol.SystemMonitor2"/>
    <bean id="recorder" class="madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol.Recorder">
        <qualifier value="main"/>
    </bean>

1.3 @Resource 어노테이션을 프로퍼티 설정

어플리케이션에서 필요로 하는 자원을 자동 연결할때 사용된다.
의존하는 빈 객체를 전달할 때 사용한다.
@Resource 어노테이션을 사용 하려면 name 속성에 자동으로 연결할 빈 객체의 이름을 입력 하면된다.

동일한 객체타입인데 객체주소가 다른 여러객체가 들어올때 사용하면 GOOD!!

<bean id="homeController" class="madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol.HomeController"/>
<bean id="camera2" class="madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol.Camera" p:number="2"/>
<bean id="camera3" class="madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol.Camera" p:number="3"/>
<bean id="camera4" class="madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol.Camera" p:number="4"/>

1.4 @PostConstruct 어노테이션및 @PreDestory어노테이션과 라이플 사이클

라이프 사이클(생명주기) 초기화 및 제거 과정을 제공한다.
@PostConstruct는 의존하는 객체를 설정한 이후에 초기화 작업을 수행할 메서드에 적용된다.
@PreDestroy는 컨테이너에서 객체를 제거하기 전에 호출될 메서드에 적용된다.
스프링 설정 파일에서 init-method 속성과 destroy-method 속성성을 이용하여 명시한 메서드와 동일한 시점에 실행된다.

*사용후 재사용가능하게 메모리정리를안함
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(configLocations);

* 작업이끝나고 메모리정리까지함
AbstractApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(configLocations);

        @PostConstruct
        public void init(){
            System.out.println("init 메소드 동작");
        }

        @PreDestroy
        public void close(){
            System.out.println("close 메소드 동작");
        }

2.1 어노테이션을 이용한 자동스캔

@Component, @Service, @Controller 는 클래스 선언부분에 붙게된다.

@Component 어노테이션은 클래스에 적용했다면

//스프링이 클래스를 검색할 패키지를 지정.
<context:component-scan base-package="madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol"/>
*@Component 어노테이션 적용된 클래스를 검색하여 빈으로 등록하게된다.

<context:annotation-config/>와같이<context:component-scan/> 태그를 쓰면
RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor @Required 사용시
AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor @Autowired 사용시
CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor @Resource, @PoastConstruct, @PreDestroy 사용시
ConfigurationClassPostProcessor @Configuration 사용시
같은 어노테이션이 함께 적용된다.

* 명시적으로 설정해야하는부분이 많아서 오토스캔만 사용하는경우는 극히적다. 적당히 썩어서 사용

3.1 @Configuration 어노테이션과 @Bean 어노테이션을 이용한 코드 기반 설정
스프링3.0에 새로생김

@Configuration 과 @Bean 을 이용해서 스프링 컨텐이너에 새로운 빈 객체를 제공할 수 있다.

@Configuration
public class SpringConfig{

     @Bean // XML 빈정의 설정시 해당 메소드 이름을 사용한다.
     //@Bean(name="smsAlarmDevice") //메서드 이름이 아닌 다른이름을 사용하고 싶다면 name 속성을 사용
     //@Bean(autowire = Autowire.BY_NAME)
     //Autowire.BY_NAME:이름을 이용해서 자동연관처리, Autowire.BY_TYPE:타입을 이용하여 자동연관처리, Autowire.NO:자동연관처리 안함
     public AlarmDevice alarmDevice(){
            return new SmsAlarmDevice();
     }
}

@Configuration 적용된 클래스를 설정정보로 이용하는 방법.

@Configuration
public class MainConfig{

     public static void main(String[] args){

            ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);

            //한개이상의 @Configuration 적용 클래스로부터 ApplicationContext 를 생성하고 싶다면 @Configuration 목록을 지정
            //ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
         //                                                   (ArticleServiceConfig.class,ArticleRepositoryConfig.class);

            HomeController homeController = context.getBean("homeController",HomeController .class);
            ....
     }
}

XML 설정파일에서도 @Configuration 적용된 클래스를 사용할수있다.

<bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor"/>// @Configuration 사용시
<bean class="madvirus.spring.chap04.config.SpringConfig"/>

//<context:component-scan base-package="madvirus.spring.chap04.config.SpringConfig">

반대로 @Configuration 적용된 클래스 XML 설정파일 정보를 사용하기

@Configuration
@ImportResource("classpath:/article-repository.xml")
//두개이상사용시 배열형태로
@ImportResource({"classpath:/article-repository.xml", "classpath:/article-datasource.xml"})
public class SpringConfig{

     @Bean
public AlarmDevice alarmDevice(){
            return new SmsAlarmDevice();
     }
}

@Configuration 클래스 간의 의존 설정

@Configuration
public class ArticleServiceConfig{

     @Autowired
     private ArticleRespositoryConfig respositoryConfig;

     @Bean
public ArticleService articleService(){
            return new ArticleServiceImpl(respositoryConfig.articleRepository());
     }
}

@Import를 이용한 @Configuration 클래스의 조합

@Configuration
@Import({"ArticleServiceConfig.class, ArticleRepositoryConfig.class"})
public class SpringConfig{

     @Bean
public AlarmDevice alarmDevice(){
            return new SmsAlarmDevice();
     }
}

===============================프로젝트===================================
예제.
madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol
      AlarmDevice (@Resource)
      Camera (@Required)
      Homecontrolloer (@Resource)
      Homecontrolloer2 (@PostConstruct,@PreDestroy)
      Main (@Required)
      Main02 (@Autowired)
      Main03 (@Autowired - @Qualifier)
      Main04 (@Resource)
      Main05 (@PostConstruct,@PreDestroy)
      Main06 (@Component )
      MessageSender (@Autowired)
      Recorder (@Autowired - @Qualifier)
      SmsSender (@Autowired)
      SystemMonitor (@Autowired)
      SystemMonitor2 (@Autowired - @Qualifier)
      Viewer (@Resource)

applicationContext.xml
applicationContext02.xml

==================================코드======================================
예제.
madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol
      AlarmDevice (@Resource)

package madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol;

public interface AlarmDevice {

void alarm(String name);
}

Camera (@Required)

package madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Required;

public class Camera {

    private int number;

    public Camera() {
    }

    //@Required : 필수요소를 체크해줌 : 스프링에서만 사용할수있다.
    @Required
    public void setNumber(int number){
        this.number = number;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Camera [number=" + number + "]";
    }
}

Homecontrolloer (@Resource)

package madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component("homeController")
public class HomeController {


        private AlarmDevice alarmDevice;
        private Viewer viewer;

        //@Resource 프로퍼티 설정
        //결과적으론 private Camera camera1 에보관.
        @Resource(name = "camera1")
        private Camera camera1;

        @Resource(name = "camera2")
        private Camera camera2;

        @Resource(name = "camera3")
        private Camera camera3;

        private Camera camera4;

        public void setCamera1(Camera camera1) {
            this.camera1 = camera1;
        }

        public void setCamera2(Camera camera2) {
            this.camera2 = camera2;
        }

        public void setCamera3(Camera camera3) {
            this.camera3 = camera3;
        }

        //메소드에도 명시할수있음
        @Resource(name = "camera4")
        public void setCamera4(Camera camera4) {
            this.camera4 = camera4;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Homecontrolloer [camera1=" + camera1 + ", camera2="
                    + camera2 + ", camera3=" + camera3 + ", camera4=" + camera4
                    + "]";
        }
}

Homecontrolloer2 (@PostConstruct,@PreDestroy)

package madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;
import javax.annotation.Resource;

public class HomeController2 {


        private AlarmDevice alarmDevice;
        private Viewer viewer;

        //@Resource 프로퍼티 설정
        //결과적으론 private Camera camera1 에보관.
        @Resource(name = "camera1")
        private Camera camera1;

        @Resource(name = "camera2")
        private Camera camera2;

        @Resource(name = "camera3")
        private Camera camera3;

        private Camera camera4;

        public void setCamera1(Camera camera1) {
            this.camera1 = camera1;
        }

        public void setCamera2(Camera camera2) {
            this.camera2 = camera2;
        }

        public void setCamera3(Camera camera3) {
            this.camera3 = camera3;
        }

        //메소드에도 명시할수있음
        @Resource(name = "camera4")
        public void setCamera4(Camera camera4) {
            this.camera4 = camera4;
        }

        @PostConstruct
        public void init(){
            System.out.println("init 메소드 동작");
        }

        @PreDestroy
        public void close(){
            System.out.println("close 메소드 동작");
        }
}

Main (@Required)

package madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Main {

    public static void main (String[] args){
        String[] configLocations = new String[] {"applicationContext.xml"};
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(configLocations);

        Camera camera = context.getBean("cameara1", Camera.class);
        System.out.println(camera);
    }
}

Main02 (@Autowired)

package madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Main02 {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        String[] configLocations = new String[] { "applicationContext.xml" };
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(configLocations);

        SystemMonitor monitor = context.getBean("monitor",SystemMonitor.class);

        System.out.println(monitor.getSender());
    }
}

Main03 (@Autowired - @Qualifier)

package madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Main03 {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        String[] configLocations = new String[] { "applicationContext.xml" };
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(configLocations);

        SystemMonitor2 monitor = context.getBean("systemMonitor",SystemMonitor2.class);

        System.out.println(monitor.getSender());
        System.out.println(monitor.getRecorder());
    }
}

Main04 (@Resource)

package madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Main04 {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        String[] configLocations = new String[] { "applicationContext.xml" };
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(configLocations);

        HomeController home = context.getBean("homeController" , HomeController.class);

        System.out.println(home);
    }
}

Main05 (@PostConstruct,@PreDestroy)

package madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol;

import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Main05 {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        String[] configLocations = new String[] { "applicationContext.xml" };
        //사용후 재사용가능하게 메모리정리를안함
        //ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(configLocations);

        //작업이끝나고 메모리정리까지함
        AbstractApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(configLocations);

        context.registerShutdownHook();

        HomeController2 home = context.getBean("homeController2" , HomeController2.class);
    }
}

Main06 (@Component )

package madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Main06 {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        String[] configLocations = new String[] { "applicationContext02.xml" };
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(configLocations);

        HomeController home = context.getBean("homeController" , HomeController.class);

        System.out.println(home);
    }
}

MessageSender (@Autowired)

package madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol;

public interface MessageSender {

}

Recorder (@Autowired - @Qualifier)

package madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol;

public class Recorder {

}

SmsSender (@Autowired)

package madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol;

public class SmsSender implements MessageSender {
    public SmsSender (){}

    public SmsSender(boolean value){}
}

SystemMonitor (@Autowired)

package madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

public class SystemMonitor {

    private int periodTime;
    private MessageSender sender;


    public SystemMonitor() {}

    public SystemMonitor(int period) {
        this(period, null);
    }

    public SystemMonitor(int period, MessageSender sender) {
        this.periodTime = period;
        this.sender = sender;
    }

    public int getPeriodTime() {
        return periodTime;
    }

    public void setPeriodTime(int periodTime) {
        this.periodTime = periodTime;
    }

    public MessageSender getSender() {
        return sender;
    }

    @Autowired
    public void setSender(MessageSender sender) {
        this.sender = sender;
    }
}

SystemMonitor2 (@Autowired - @Qualifier)

package madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;

public class SystemMonitor2 {

    private MessageSender sender;

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("main")
    private Recorder recorder;


    public SystemMonitor2(MessageSender sender){
        this.sender = sender;
    }

    public SystemMonitor2() {}

    public MessageSender getSender() {
        return sender;
    }

    @Autowired
    public void setSender(MessageSender sender) {
        this.sender = sender;
    }

    public Recorder getRecorder() {
        return recorder;
    }

    public void setRecorder(Recorder recorder) {
        this.recorder = recorder;
    }
}

Viewer (@Resource)

package madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol;

public interface Viewer {

        void add (Camera camera1);

        void draw();
}

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

    

    
    <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor"/>
    <bean id="camera1" class="madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol.Camera">
        
        <property name="number" value="1" />
    </bean>

    
    <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor"/>
    <bean id="monitor" class="madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol.SystemMonitor"/>
    <bean id="sender" class="madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol.SmsSender"/>

    
    <bean id="systemMonitor" class="madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol.SystemMonitor2"/>
    <bean id="recorder" class="madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol.Recorder">
        <qualifier value="main"/>
    </bean>

    
    
    <bean class="org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" />
    <bean id="homeController" class="madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol.HomeController"/>
    <bean id="camera2" class="madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol.Camera" p:number="2"/>
    <bean id="camera3" class="madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol.Camera" p:number="3"/>
    <bean id="camera4" class="madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol.Camera" p:number="4"/>

    
    <bean id="homeController2" class="madvirus.spring.chap04.homecontrol.HomeController2"/>


</beans>

applicationContext02.xml

==================================결과값=====================================

1.@Required

@Required에 값을 안넣어주는경우.

2.@Autowired

3.@Autowired - @Qualifier

4.@Resource

5.@PostConstruct,@PreDestroy

6.@Component

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